An intuitive style control technique in HMM-based expressive speech synthesis using subjective style intensity and multiple-regression global variance model

To control intuitively the intensities of emotional expressions and speaking styles for synthetic speech, we introduce subjective style intensities and multiple-regression global variance (MRGV) models into hidden Markov model (HMM)-based expressive speech synthesis. A problem in the conventional parametric style modeling and style control techniques is that the intensities of styles appearing in synthetic speech strongly depend on the training data. To alleviate this problem, the proposed technique explicitly takes into account subjective style intensities perceived for respective training utterances using multiple-regression hidden semi-Markov models (MRHSMMs). As a result, synthetic speech becomes less sensitive to the variation of style expressivity existing in the training data. Another problem is that the synthetic speech generally suffers from the over-smoothing effect of model parameters in the model training, so the variance of the generated speech parameter trajectory becomes smaller than that of the natural speech. To alleviate this problem for the case of style control, we extend the conventional variance compensation method based on a GV model for a single-style speech to the case of multiple styles with variable style intensities by deriving the MRGV modeling. The objective and subjective experimental results show that these two techniques significantly enhance the intuitive style control of synthetic speech, which is essential for the speech synthesis system to communicate para-linguistic information correctly to the listeners. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.